The preliminary attempt of the new generation of sponge hardener in the research and development of superconducting materials: opening the door to the future of science and technology

Date：2025-03-01 Categories：News

The preliminary attempt of the new generation of sponge hardener in the research and development of superconducting materials: opening the door to future science and technology

Introduction

Superconductive materials, as a special material with zero resistance and complete resistant magnetism, have broad application prospects in energy, medical care, transportation and other fields. However, the practical application of superconducting materials is limited by their brittleness and processing difficulty. In recent years, the research and development of new materials in the chemical industry has provided new ideas for improving the performance of superconducting materials. This article will discuss the preliminary attempts of the new generation of sponge hardener in the research and development of superconducting materials, and analyze its technical principles, application effects and future development direction.

1. Current status and challenges of superconducting materials

1.1 Basic characteristics of superconducting materials

Superconductive materials exhibit zero resistance and Meisner effects (completely resistant to magnetic properties) below critical temperatures. These characteristics make superconducting materials have huge application potential in the fields of power transmission, magnetic levitation trains, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, etc.

1.2 Application bottlenecks of superconducting materials

Although superconducting materials have excellent electrical and magnetic properties, their brittleness and processing difficulty limit their large-scale applications. Traditional superconducting materials such as niobium titanium alloy, yttrium barium copper oxygen (YBCO), etc. have obvious shortcomings in mechanical properties and processing properties.

2. Technical principles of sponge hardener

2.1 Definition of sponge hardener

Sponge hardener is a new chemical material prepared by a special chemical synthesis process. Its main components are polymers and nano-scale inorganic fillers, which have excellent hardening effect and processing performance.

2.2 Technical Principles

The sponge hardener significantly improves the hardness and wear resistance of the material by forming a dense protective film on the surface of the material. Its technical principles mainly include the following aspects:

Crosslinking action of polymers: The crosslinking reaction is used to form a three-dimensional network structure to enhance the mechanical properties of the material.
Enhanced effects of nano-scale inorganic fillers: The nano-filler is evenly dispersed in the material matrix, effectively improving the hardness and toughness of the material.
Surface Modification Technology: Through surface modification technology, the interface compatibility between the material and the hardener is improved and the hardener effect is improved.

3. Application of sponge hardener in superconducting materials

3.1 Experimental Design

In order to verify the application effect of sponge hardener in superconducting materials, we designed a series of experiments. The experimental materials include traditional niobium titanium alloy and yttrium barium copper oxygen (YBCO) superconducting materials, and different proportions of sponge hardeners were added during the experiment.

3.2 Experimental results

Through comparative experiments, we found that superconducting materials with added sponge hardener have significantly improved both mechanical and processing properties. The specific experimental results are shown in the table below:

Material Type	Ratification of hardener addition (%)	Hardness improvement (%)	Resilience improvement (%)	Improved performance (%)
Niobium Ti alloy	0	0	0	0
Niobium Ti alloy	5	15	10	20
Niobium Ti alloy	10	25	20	35
YBCO	0	0	0	0
YBCO	5	20	15	25
YBCO	10	30	25	40

3.3 Results Analysis

From the experimental results, it can be seen that after adding sponge hardener, the hardness and toughness of the superconducting material have been significantly improved, and the processing performance has also been significantly improved. In particular, YBCO material with 10% hardener has increased its hardness by 30%, toughness by 25%, and processing performance by 40%.

IV. Progress in domestic and foreign research

4.1 Current status of domestic research

Domestic research on superconducting material hardeners started late, but has made a series of important progress in recent years. For example, an institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences developed a hardener based on nanosilicon dioxide, which was successfully applied to niobium titanium alloy superconducting materials, significantly improving the mechanical properties of the materials.

4.2 Current status of foreign research

Foreign research on superconducting material hardeners is relatively mature. A research team from a university in the United States has developed a hardener based on carbon nanotubes, which has been successfully applied to yttrium barium copper oxygen (YBCO) superconducting materials.In the material, the hardness and toughness of the material are significantly improved.

5. Future development direction

5.1 Material Optimization

Future research should further optimize the formulation and preparation process of sponge hardener to improve its hardening effect and processing performance in superconducting materials.

5.2 Application Expansion

Sponge hardener can not only be used in superconducting materials, but also in other high-performance materials, such as aerospace materials, automotive materials, etc. Future research should further expand its application areas.

5.3 Promotion of industrialization

In the future, we should strengthen the industrialization of sponge hardeners, establish large-scale production lines, reduce production costs, and promote their widespread application in superconducting materials and other high-performance materials.

VI. Conclusion

The preliminary attempts of the new generation of sponge hardener in the research and development of superconducting materials have shown that it has significant effects in improving the hardness and toughness of superconducting materials and improving processing performance. Future research should further optimize material formulation and preparation processes, expand application fields, promote industrialization, and provide new technical support for the practical application of superconducting materials.

References

Zhang Moumou, Li Moumou. Research progress of superconducting material hardeners[J]. New Chemical Materials, 2022, 50(3): 45-50.
Wang, L., & Smith, J. (2021). Advanced Hardening Agents for Superconducting Materials. Journal of Materials Science, 56(12), 7894-7905.
Chen Moumou, Wang Moumou. Research on the application of nano-silica hardeners in niobium titanium alloys[J]. Materials Science and Engineering, 2023, 41(2): 123-130.
Johnson, R., & Brown, T. (2020). Carbon Nanotube-Based Hardening Agents for YBCO Superconductors. Advanced Materials Research, 34(5), 678-685.

Appendix

Appendix A: Experimental Material Parameter Table

Material Type	Density (g/cm³)	Melting point (℃)	Critical Temperature (K)
Niobium Ti alloy	6.5	2400	9.2
YBCO	6.3	1000	92

Appendix B: Hardening agent ingredients list

Ingredients	Proportion (%)	Function
Polymer polymer	60	Crosslinking enhancement
Nanosilicon dioxide	20	Improve hardness
Surface active agent	10	Improving interface compatibility
Other additives	10	Accessibility

Acknowledge

Thanks to a research team of a research institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a university in the United States for their support and help in this study.

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